LibGuides: Citation: APA Citation Style

Books

One Author

References: Author Last, First Initial. (Year). Title. City of publication, publisher.
Example: Pollan, M. (2006). The omnivore's dilemma: A natural history of four meals. New York, NY: Penguin Group.
In-text: (Author Last, Year)
Example: (Pollan, 2006)

Two Authors

References: Author Last, First Initial & Author Last First Initial. (Year). Title. Publishing City: Publisher.
Example: Bernstein, C. & Woodward B. (1974). All the president's men. New York: Simon & Schuster.
In-text: (Author Last & Authors Last, Year)
Example: (Berstein & Woodward, 1974)

Three or More

If there are more than seven authors, after the sixth author put an ellipses (...) and then list the last author's name.

References: Author Last, First Initial, Last, First Initial, & Last, First Initial. (Year). Title. Publisher City: Publisher.
Example: McAllister, R.M., Horowitz, S.T, & Gilden, R.V. (1993). Cancer. New York: Basic Books.
In-text: For three to five authors, list every author the first time you use the reference, and then for every subsequent time, use only the first author's name followed by et. al. For six plus authors, every reference will be the first authors name followed by et al. Then follow all names by the year. (Author Last et al., Year)
Example: (McAllister, Horowitz, & Gilden, 1993) followed by (McAllister et al., 1993)

Author with Editor

References: Author Last, First Initial. (Year). Title. Editor First Initial Last Name (Ed.). Publishing city: Publisher/
Example: Poston, T. (2000). First draft of history. K.A. Hauke (Ed.). Athens: University of Georgia Press.
In-text: (Author Last, Year)
Example: (Poston, 2000)

Author with Translator

References: Author Last, First Initial. (Year). The Title. (Translator First Initial Last Name, Trans.) Publishing City: Publisher.
Example: Laplace, P.S. (1902). A philosophical essay on probabilities. (F.W. Truscott & F.L. Emory, Trans.) London: John Wiley & Sons.
In-text: (Author Last, Year)
Example: (Laplace, 1902)

Editor, No Author

References: Author Last, First Initial (Eds.). (Year). The Title. Publishing city: Publisher.
Example: Duncan, G.J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York, NY: Russel Sage Foundation.
In-text: (Editor Last, Year)
Example: (Duncan & Brooks-Gunn, 1997)

Work In an Anthology

References: Author Last, First Initial. (Year). Title of individual work. In Editors First Initial Last Name (Ed.), Title of Complete Work (pp. Page selection of work). Publishing city: Publisher.
Example: Harris, M. (2000). Talk to me: Engaging reluctant writers. In B. Rafoth (Ed.), A tutor's guide: helping writers one to one (pp. 24-34). Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
In-text: (Author Last, Year)
Example: (Harris, 2000)

Edition Other Than First

References: Author Last, First Initial. (Year). Title (Number ed.). Publishing city: Publisher.
Example: Helfer, M.E., Kempe, R.S., & Krugman, R.D. (1997). The battered child (5th ed.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
In-text: (Author Last, Year)
Example: (Helfer, Kempe, & Krugman, 1997)

Multivolume Work

References: Editor Last, First Initial (Ed.). (Year). Title. (Number of volumes 1-?). Publishing City: Publisher.
Example: Wiener, P. (Ed.). (1973). Dictionary of the history of ideas (Vols. 1-4). New York, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons.
In-text: (Editor Last, Year)
Example: (Wiener, 1973)

Foreword, Introduction, Preface, or Afterword

References: Section Author Last, First Initial. (Year). Section Type. In Author First Initial Last Name, Title (pp. page selection). Publishing city: Publisher.
Example: Duncan, H. D. (1984). Introduction. In K.Burke (Ed.), Permanence and Change: An Anatomy of Purpose (pp. xiii-xliv). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
In-text: (Section Author Last, Year)
Example: (Duncan, 1984)

Articles

Magazine Article

References: Author Last, First Initial. (Year, Month Date). The Title. Magazine Title, Volume Number(Issue Number), page selection.
Example: Poniewozik, J. (2000, November 20). Election 2000: TV makes too-close call. Time, 156(21), 70-71.
In-text: (Author Las, Year)
Example: (Poniewozik, 2000)

Article in an Online Magazine/Newspaper

References: Author Last, First Initial. (Year, Month Date). The Title. Magazine Title. Retrieved from http:// URL address.
Example: Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living web. A list apart: for people who make websites. Retrieved from http://www.alistapart.com/articles/writeliving
In-text: (Author Last, Year)
Example: (Bernstein, 2002)

Scholarly Journal Article

References: Author Last, First Initial. (Year). Article Title. Journal Title, Volume Number(Issue Number), page selection.
Example: Bagchi, A. (1996). Conflicting nationalisms: the voice of the subaltern in Mahasweta Devi's Bashai Tudu. Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature, 15(1), 41-50.
In-text: (Author Last, Year)
Example: (Bagchi, 1996)

Article in an Online Journal/From a Database

References: Author Last, First Initial. (Year). Article title. Journal Title, volume number(Issue number), page selection. DOI OR http:// URL
Example: Bent, H. (1959). Professionalization of the ph.d. degree. The Journal of Higher Education, 30(3), 140-145. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1978286.
In-text: (Author Last, Year)
Example: (Bent, 1959)

Newspaper Article

References: Author Last, First Initial. (Year, Month Date). Article Title. Newspaper Title, p. page number.
Example: Krugman, P. (2007, May 21). Fear of eating. New York Times, p. A1.
In-text: (Author Last, Year)
Example: (Krugman, 2007)

Editorial in Newspaper, No Author

References: Editorial: Title [Editorial]. (Year, Month Date). Newspaper/Magzine Title, p. page number.
Example: Editorial: Of Mines and Men [Editorial]. (2003, Oct 24). The Wall Street Journal, p. A14.
In-text: ("Title", Year)
Example: ("Of Mines and Men", 2003)

Letter to the Editor

References: Author Last, First Initial. [Letter to the editor]. (Year, Month Date). Newspaper/Magazine Title, p page number.
Example: Hamer, J. [Letter to the editor]. (2006/2007, December/January). American Journalism Review, p. 7
In-text: (Author Last, Date)
Example: (Hamer, 2006)

Book/Film Review

References: Author Last, First Initial. (Year, Month Date) The Title. [Review of Original Material Title, directed by/written by First Last Name, Year of original's creation] Periodical Title, page number or Retrieved from URL.
Example: Seitz, M. Z. (2007, May 30). Life in the sprawling subarbs, if you can really all it living. [Review of Radiant City, directed by Gary Burns and Jim Brown, 2006]. New York Times, p. E1.
In-text: (Author Last, Year)
Example: (Seitz, 2007)

Online Resources

General

References: Author (Year [use n.d. if not given]}. Article or Page Title. Larger Publication Title, volume number (issue number). Retrieved Date [Month Day, Year], from http://url address.
In-text: If author is applicable, use this. If not, use editor. If neither are, use the article or website name. (Author Last OR Editor Last OR Article Name OR Website Name, year (if present, if not use n.d.)

Entire Website

References: Editor, author, or compiler name (if available) Last, First Initial. (Year of Publication/Last Update). Name of Entire Site. Retrieved Date [Month Day, Year], from http:// url address.
Example: The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U. (2008). The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. Retrieved December 12, 2018, from http://owl.english.purdue.edu.owl/
In-text: (Author Last or Editor Last or Article Name or Website Name, Year)
Example: (Purdue OWL, 2018)

Webpage

References: Editor, author, or compiler name (if available) Last, First. "Title of Webpage." (Year & Month of Publication/Last Update). Article Title. Name of Site. Retrieved from: http:// URL address.
Example: Shiva, V. (2006, February). Bioethics: A third world issue. Nativeweb. Retrieved from http://www.nativeweb.org/pages/legal/shiva.html
In-text: (Author Last or Editor Last or Article Name or Website Name, Year)
Example: (Shiva, 2006)

Webpage, Unknown Author

References: Title of Webpage. (Year). Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher). Retrieved from http:// URL address
Example: Media Giants. (2001). PBS Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/cool/giants
In-text: ("Article Name", Year)
Example: ("Media Giants", 2001)

Image from Website

References: Creator’s Last, First Initial. (Year). Title of the digital image. Title of the website, Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher). http:// URL address.
Example: Goya, F. (1800). The family of Charles IV. Museo National del Prado. Retrieved from http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/goya/hd_goya.htm
In-text: (Creator Last Name, Year)
Example: (Goya, 1800)

Online Book

References: Author Last, First Initial. (Year). The Title. Retrieved from http:// URL address
Example: Delabastita, D., & L.D'hulst. (1990). European Shakespeares. translating Shakespeare in the romantic age. Retrieved from http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/purdue/detail.action?docID=842928.
In-text: (Author Last, Year)
Example: (Dirk & D'hulst 325)

Portion of an Online Book

References: Author Last, First Initial. (Year). "The Section Title." In The Book Title. Retrieved from http:// URL address.
Example: Adams, H. (1918). "Diplomacy." In The education of Henry Adams. Retrieved from http://www.bartleby.com/159/8.html.
In-text: (Author Last, Year)
Example: (Adams, 1918)

Blog Post

References: Author Last, First Initial. (Year, Month Date). Title of Post. [Web log post]. Blog Title. Retrieved from http:// URL address
Example: Mayer, C. (2006, May 24) Stamps to become a marketing vehicle.[Web log post]. The Checkout. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn-content/article/2006/05/23/AR2006052301593.html?noredirct=on. Accessed 5 December 2018.
In-text: (Author Last Name, Year)
Example: (Mayer, 2006)

Email

References: Do not include in references. In-text citation only
In-text: (Author First Initials Last Name, personal communication, Month Date Year)
Example: (J. Smith personal communication, December 12, 2018)

Government Document Online

References: Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee. (Year of Publication, Month Day). Title. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from http:// url address.
Example: Ontario Ministry of Children and Youth Services. (2010, April 27). Your preschool child's speech and language development. Retrieved April 1, 2013, from http://www.children.gov.on.ca/htdocs/English/topics/earlychildhood/ speechlanguage/brochure_preschool.aspx
In-text</dt: (Government Department, Year)
Example: (Ontario Ministry of Children and Youth Services, 2010)

Example from: APA Citation Guide (6th Edition): How Do I Cite. (2018, Dec 4). Coumbia College. Retrieved from https://columbiacollege-ca.libguides.com/apa/how.

Media

General

References: Creator Last, First Initial (Title of role). (Year). Title. [Media Type]. Publishing/production city: Publisher/Sponsor/Institute. Retrieved from http:// URL address OR DOI.
In-text: (Creator Last, Year)

Video/Film

References: Creator Last, First Initial (Title of Role - Producer, Director, Writer). (Year). Title [Media Type]. Production City of Country: Studio.
Example: Kokin, K. (Producer), & Singer, B. (Director). (1995). The Usual Suspects [Motion Picture]. USA: Polygram.
In-text: (Producer/Director/Writer, Year) When including a direct quote, also state the time stamp of the quote. If there is a producer, director, and writer identifiable, include all three, in that order. Treat it as though they are three authors for a book.
Example: (Kokin & Singer, 1995)

Podcast/YouTube

References: Creator Last, First Initial. (Year, Month Date). Title. [Media Type]. Channel. Retrieved from http:// URL address.
Example: UW Tacoma Multimedia Lab. (2015, September 30). Videography tips and tricks to produce a documentary profile piece. [YouTube Video]. UW Tacoma. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_fiNRFcbwy
In-text: (Creator Last Name, Year)
Example: (UW Tacoma Multimedia Lab, 2015)

Television Shows

References: Creator Last Name, First Initial - Producer, Director, Writer. (year). "Episode Title." Series Title. [Media Type]. Production location: Studio.
Example: Bright, K. (Director). (2004). "The one where Chandler can't cry." Friends: The complete sixth season [Television series]. Burbank, CA: Warner Brothers.
In-text: (Producer/Director/Writer Last Name, Year) When including a direct quote, also state the time stamp of the quote. If there is a producer, director, and writer identifiable, include all three, in that order. Treat it as though they are three authors for a book.
Example: (Bright, 2004)

Song or Album

References: Songwriter Last, First Initial. (Year). Song Title. [Recorded by First Name last Name of Performer/Group]. On Album Title (if applicable). Production City: Studio.
Example: Cobain, K. (1991). Smells like teen spirit. [Recroded by Nirvana]. On Nevermind. Santa Monica, CA: DGC Records.
In-text: (Performer Name, Year) Include timestamp or track number on album if applicable.
Example: (Nirvana, 1991)

Lecture

References: Speaker Last, First Initial. (Year, Month Date). Lecture Type on Title. Panel name, Conference name, Location, City, State.
Example: Stein, B. (2003, May 23). Keynote Address on reading and writing in the digital era. Discovering Digital Dimensions, Computers and Writing Conference, Union Club Hotel, West Lafayette, IN.
In-text: (Speaker Last Name, Year)
Example: (Stein, 2003)

Advertisement

References: Name of Company That Owns the Product. (Year, Month Date). Name of advertisement [Advertisement]. Name of Journal, Magazine or Newspaper, Volume(Issue), page number advertisement is found on.
Example: BMW. (2011, June 4). Diesel reinvented [Advertisement]. Fictional Magazine, 7(1), p. 17.
In-text: (Name of Company That Owns the Product, Year)
Example: (BMW, 2011)

Example from: APA Citation Guide (6th Edition): How Do I Cite. (2018, Dec 4). Coumbia College. Retrieved from https://columbiacollege-ca.libguides.com/apa/how.

Twitter

References: Twitter user name. (Year tweet was posted, Month Day). Text of post [Twitter post]. Retrieved from Twitter Account's URL
Example: rickmercer. (2010, May 3). The only thing i have achieved today is ignoring my list. And that's not on the list [Twitter post]. Retrieved from http://twitter.com/RICKMERCER
In-text: (Twitter handle, Year)
Example: (rickmercer, 2010)

Example from: APA Citation Guide (6th Edition): How Do I Cite. (2018, Dec 4). Coumbia College. Retrieved from https://columbiacollege-ca.libguides.com/apa/how.

Citation: APA Citation Style

Books

Articles

Online Resources

Media

Charts, Tables, Graphs, and Images